OBJECTS and CLASSES in KOTLIN? What even are they?
Since KOTLIN is an Object Oriented Programming language, knowing what OBJECTS and CLASSES are is CRUCIAL to our development journey, so do not hesitate and make sure to watch this video! Want to learn everything about Kotlin? Get this! • Android Complete Course
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The class declaration consists of the class name, the class header (specifying its type parameters, the primary constructor, and some other things), and the class body surrounded by curly braces. Both the header and the body are optional; if the class has no body, the curly braces can be omitted.
A class in Kotlin can have a primary constructor and one or more secondary constructors. The primary constructor is a part of the class header, and it goes after the class name and optional type parameters.
If the primary constructor does not have any annotations or visibility modifiers, the constructor keyword can be omitted
The primary constructor cannot contain any code. Initialization code can be placed in initializer blocks prefixed with the init keyword.
During the initialization of an instance, the initializer blocks are executed in the same order as they appear in the class body, interleaved with the property initializers
Primary constructor parameters can be used in the initializer blocks. They can also be used in property initializers declared in the class body
Kotlin has a concise syntax for declaring properties and initializing them from the primary constructor
Such declarations can also include default values of the class properties
You can use a trailing comma when you declare class properties
Much like regular properties, properties declared in the primary constructor can be mutable (var) or read-only (val).
If the constructor has annotations or visibility modifiers, the constructor keyword is required and the modifiers go before it
Classes and objects in Kotlin work the same way as in most object-oriented languages: a class is a blueprint, and an object is an instance of a class. Usually, you define a class and then create multiple instances of that class
In Kotlin you also have the object keyword. It is used to obtain a data type with a single implementation.
If you are a Java user and want to understand what "single" means, you can think of the Singleton pattern: it ensures you that only one instance of that class is created even if 2 threads try to create it.
To achieve this in Kotlin, you only need to declare an object: no class, no constructor, only a lazy instance. Why lazy? Because it will be created once when the object is accessed. Otherwise, it won't even be created.
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